NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Sep 13, 2024
https://doi.org/10.69899/limes-plus22192045m
Download
PDF
Statistic
Vol. 19 (2022): IN THE CULTURAL NETWORK AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Ljiljana Manić
College of Social Work Belgrade, Serbia
Ivana Ercegovac
Faculty of Applied Media Higher Colleges of Technology Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
Mirjana Tankosić
Faculty of Applied Media Higher Colleges of Technology Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

Abstract

This paper examines unconventional forms of employment, creative industries and digital labour platforms. Although non-standard forms of employment are not a new concept, the development of digital technologies has given this field a new dynamic. New professions appear, old ones become obsolete, and new models of employment replace the previous, standard ones. These changes are particularly noticeable in creative industries, since people are the basic resource, with their knowledge, innovation and creativity. New forms of employment, which are not yet (or clearly) regulated, have been created, as well as the new means of finding jobs. This paper will provide an overview of non-standard employment opportunities in creative industries and examine the motives behind creative workers choosing freelancing as their employment status. In addition, the paper explores the use of various online platforms for recruiting freelancers. Through a scientific description and analysis of various forms of non-standard employment in the creative industries, the objective of the study is to expand knowledge about the position of freelancers, who constitute a significant portion of workers engaged in this field. The most effective method of finding work is also determined through an overview of the digital platforms that freelancers most frequently use to seek jobs. Content analysis and case studies are used in addition to standard scientific methods of analysis and description. Finally, the paper concludes with the research results and other contributions made during the research.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.

How to Cite
NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES. (2024). Limes-plus, 19(2), 45-66. https://doi.org/10.69899/limes-plus22192045m

How to Cite

NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES. (2024). Limes-plus, 19(2), 45-66. https://doi.org/10.69899/limes-plus22192045m

References

  1. Arlinghaus, A., Bohle, P., Iskra-Golec, I., Jansen, N., Jay, S., Rotenberg, L. 2019. “Time Society consensus statements: Evidence-based effects of shift work and non-standard working hours on workers, family and community”. Ind Health 57(2): 184–200.
  2. Benton, M., Davidoff-Gore, S., Batalova, J., Huang, L., Zong, J. 2022. COVID–19 and the State of Global Mobility in 2021. Washington, D.C. – Geneva: Migration Policy Institute and International Organization for Migration.
  3. Berg, J. 2016. “Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers”. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 37(3): 543–576.
  4. Biltot, K. 2010. Menadžment i kreativnost. Beograd: Clio.
  5. Boix-Domènech, R., Rausell-Köster, P. 2018. “The Economic Impact of the Creative Industry in the European Union”, 19–36. In: Santamarina-Campos, V., Segarra-Oña, M. (eds) Drones and the Creative Industry. Springer: Cham.
  6. Ćirilov, J. 1991. Novi rečnik novih reči. Beograd: Bata.
  7. Choi, K., Yoon, Y-J., Song, O-Y., Choi, S-M. 2018. “Interactive and Immersive Learning Using 360° Virtual Reality Contents on Mobile Platforms”. In: Kim, S-Y. (ed) Mobile Information Systems, Vol. 2018: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2306031(accessed: 5. 12. 2022).
  8. Codagnone, C., Abadie, F., Biagi, F. 2016. “The Future of Work in the ‘Sharing Economy’. Market Efficiency and Equitable Opportunities or Unfair Precarisation?” EUR 27913. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, JRC Science for Policy Report https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2791/431485 (accessed: 9. 12. 2022).
  9. Damian, D., Manea, C. 2019. “Causal recipes for turning fin-tech freelancers into smart entrepreneurs”. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 4(3): 196–201.
  10. De Stefano, V. 2016. “Casual Work beyond Casual Work in the EU: The Underground Casualisation of the European Workforce – And What to Do about it”. European Labour Law Journal 7(3): 421–441.
  11. Dźwigoł, H. 2020. “Interim management as a new approach to the company management”. Review of Business and Economics Studies 1: 20–26.
  12. Dunlop, S., Freeman, B., Jones, S. C. 2016. “Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media”. Media and Communication 4(3): 35–49.
  13. Fagan, C., Norman, H., Smith, M., González Menéndez, M. C. 2014. In search of good quality part-time employment. ILO Working Papers. Geneva: International Labour Office.
  14. Graham, M., Ferrari, F. 2022. “Digital work in the planetary market”. The MIT Press-International Development Research Centre series. Cambridge–London.
  15. Graham, M., Hjorth, I., Lehdonvirta, V. 2017. “Digital labour and development: impacts of global digital labour platforms and the gig economy on worker livelihoods”. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23(2): 135–162.
  16. Grimov, O. 2016. “Main features of freelancing as a non-standard form of employment”. Economic Annals XXI 157 (3–4/1): 79–81.
  17. Grusky, D. B. 2001. “Social Stratification”, 14443–14452. In: Smelser, N. J., Baltes, P. B. (eds) International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon.
  18. Hannák, A., Wagner, C., Garcia, D., Mislove, A., Strohmaier, M., Wilson, C. 2017. “Bias in Online Freelance Marketplaces: Evidence from TaskRabbit and Fiverr”, 1914–1933. In: Lee, C. P., Poltrock, S. (eds) CSCW ‘17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
  19. Hartli, Dž. 2007. Kreativne industrije. Beograd: Clio.
  20. Huđek, I., Tominc, P., Širec, K. 2020. “Entrepreneurship vs. Freelancing: What’s the Difference?” Naše gospodarstvo / Our Economy 66(3): 56–62.
  21. Iudicone, F. 2017. “Italy: New voucher-based work scheme provokes debate”. Eurofound. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1845616/italy/2591245/(accessed: 10. 12. 2022).
  22. Jašarević, S. 2016. „Uticaj digitalizacije na radne odnose“. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu 4/2016: 1103-1117.
  23. Jarrahi, M. H., Newlands, G., Lee, M. K., Wolf, C. T., Kinder, E., Sutherland, W. 2021. “Algorithmic management in a work context”. Big Data & Society 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211020332 (accessed: 8. 12. 2022).
  24. Kuhn, K. M., Maleki, A. 2017. “Micro-entrepreneurs, Dependent Contractors, and Instaserfs: Understanding Online Labor Platform Workforces”. Academy of Management Perspectives 31(3). https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0111 (accessed: 9. 12. 2022).
  25. Kujala, J., Nystén-Haarala, S., Nuottila, J. 2015. “Flexible contracting in project business”. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 8(1): 92–106.
  26. Kurniasari, M. I., Isbah, M. F., Azca, M. N. 2022. “The Emerging Workcation Trend in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study on the Demographic Profiles, Motivations, and Experiences of Workcationers”. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial 21(1): 75–97.
  27. Leduc, K., Misangumukini, N. 2020. “New forms of employment: 2020 update – Luxembourg”. In: Mandl, I. (ed) New forms of employment: 2020 update (Research report – Labour market change). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef20027en.pdf (accessed: 10. 12. 2022).
  28. Manyika, J., Lund, S., Bughin, J., Robinson, K., Mischke, J., Mahajan, D. 2016. Independent work: choice, necessity and the gig economy. Chicago: McKinsey Global Institute.
  29. Marković, A. 2020. „Prekarijat i neka pitanja društvene strukture i društvenih nejednakosti“. Zbornik Instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja XXXIX(2/3): 109–126.
  30. Marković, A. 2022. „Prekarijat i demokratija: teze za promišljanje“. Zbornik Instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja XLI(1): 55–74.
  31. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E. 2017. “Machine, platform, crowd: Harnessing our digital future”. NewYork: WW Norton & Company.
  32. Milić, V., Kleut, J., Milinkov, S., Šovanec, S. 2021. Percepcije socioekonomskog položaja novinara i medijskih radnika u Vojvodini. Novi Sad: Nezavisno društvo novinara Vojvodine.
  33. Mireia, J., Vanroelen, C., Bosmans, K., Aerden, K. V., Benach, J. 2017. “Precarious Employment and Quality of Employment in Relation to Health and WellBeing in Europe”. International Journal of Health Services 47(3): 389–409.
  34. Nawaz, Z., Zhang, J., Mansoor, R., Hafeez, S., Ilmudeen, A. 2020. “Freelancers as Part-time Employees: Dimensions of FVP and FJS in E-Lancing Platforms”. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management 7(1): 34–60.
  35. Nemkova, E., Demirel, P., Baines, L. 2019. “In search of meaningful work on digital freelancing platforms: the case of design professionals”. New Technology, Work and Employment 34: 226–243.
  36. Ossowski, S. 1981. Klasna struktura u društvenoj svijesti. Zagreb: Biblioteka naprijed.
  37. Pulignano, V., Domecka, M., Muszyński, K., Vermeerbergen, L., Riemann M-L. 2021. “Creative labour in the era of Covid–19”. ETUI. The European Trade Union Institute. https://www.etui.org/publications/creative-labour-era-covid–19 (accessed: 10. 12. 2022).
  38. Rahman, H. A. 2021. “The Invisible Cage: Workers’ Reactivity to Opaque Algorithmic Evaluations”. Administrative Science Quarterly 66(4): 945–988.
  39. Reljanović, M. Lj., Misailović, J. M. 2021. „Radnopravni položaj digitalnih radnika – iskustva evropskih zemalja“. Strani pravni život 3: 407–432.
  40. Rani, U., Dhir, R., Furrer, M., Gobel, N., Moraiti, A., Cooney, S., Coddou, A. 2021. World employment and social outlook: the role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/2021/WCMS_771749/lang--en/index.htm (accessed: 9. 12. 2022).
  41. Sapsed, J. 2015. Brighton Fuse 2: Freelancers in the Creative Digital IT Economy. Brighton: Wired Sussex.
  42. Savanović, A., Lakić, A., Timotijević, J., Kovačević, M. 2021. Radnici drugog reda: nestandardni rad u Srbiji. Beograd: Zajedničko – Platforma za teoriju i praksu društvenih dobara.
  43. Spasova, S., Bouget, D., Ghailani, D., Vanhercke, B. 2017. “Access to social protection for people working on non-standard contracts and as self-employed in Europe. A study of national policies”. European Social Policy Network (ESPN). Brussels: European Commission.
  44. Standing, G. 2016. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury.
  45. Storey, J., Salaman, G., Platman, K. 2005. “Living with enterprise in an enterprise economy: Freelance and contract workers in the media”. Human Relations. London: SAGE Publications.
  46. Surie, A., Sharma, L. V. 2019. “Climate change, agrarian distress, and the role of digital labour markets: evidence from Bengaluru”. Karnataka. Decision 46: 127–138.
  47. Tomka, G. 2013. „Obrazovanje za kreativne industrije – dugoročni pristup“. Kulturne industrije i kulturna raznolikost – Bela knjiga. Beograd: Academica.
  48. Toth, I., Heinänen, S., Blomqvist, K. 2020. “Freelancing on digital work platforms – roles of virtual community trust and work engagement on person–job fit”. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 50(4): 553–567.
  49. Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A., Burgess, J. 2014. “Routes to partial success: collaborative employment relations and employee engagement”. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 25(6): 915–930.
  50. Vargas-Llave, O., Mandl, I., Weber, T., Wilkens, M. 2020. “Telework and ICTbased mobile work: flexible working in the digital age”. Eurofound. https:// policycommons.net/artifacts/1845205/telework-and-ict-based-mobilework/2589590/ (assessed: 11. 12. 2022).
  51. Wallis, R., Raalte, C. V., Allegrini, S. 2020. “The ‘shelf-life’ of a media career: a study of the long-term career narratives of media graduates”. Creative Industries Journal 13(2): 178–193.
  52. Other sources
  53. Anon 2016. Non-standard employment around the world: understanding challenges, shaping prospects. Geneva: ILO. http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_534326/lang--en/index.htm (accessed: 10. 12. 2022).
  54. Eurofound 2015. New forms of employment. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  55. Eurofound 2020. “New forms of employment: 2020 update”. New forms of employment series. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  56. European Commission 2021. Improving working conditions in platform work, The European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  57. ILO 2021. “The business model and strategies of digital labour platforms”. World Employ Soc Outlook, 71–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/wow3.168 (accessed: 9. 12. 2022).
  58. ILO 2021. “The digital transformation of industry and the world of work”. World Employ Soc Outlook, 29–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/wow3.167 (accessed: 10. 12. 2022).

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.